Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,879 results found
Article
Left hemicolectomy
Left hemicolectomy is a surgical procedure in which splenic flexure, descending colon, and a portion of the sigmoid colon are removed for radical treatment of various pathologies affecting the descending colon.
Indications
colon cancer
inflammatory bowel disease
isolated left diverticular di...
Article
Spinal wedge fracture
Spinal wedge (compression) fractures are hyperflexion injuries to the vertebral body resulting from axial loading. Most commonly affecting the anterior aspect of the vertebral body, wedge fractures are considered a single-column (i.e. stable) fracture.
Epidemiology
Spinal wedge compression fr...
Article
Transfer learning
The concept of transfer learning in artificial neural networks is taking knowledge acquired from training on one particular domain and applying it in learning a separate task.
In recent years, a well-established paradigm has been to pre-train models using large-scale data (e.g., ImageNet) and t...
Article
McAfee classification of thoracolumbar spinal fractures
McAfee classification of acute traumatic spinal injuries is one of a number of thoracolumbar spinal fracture classification systems and is based on the three-column concept of the spine (of Denis). It requires CT for an accurate assessment.
Usage
Unlike the more common formal and widely used c...
Article
Ventricular interdependence
Ventricular interdependence (or ventricular coupling) is a phenomenon whereby the function of one ventricle is altered by changes in the filling of the other ventricle. This leads to a volume increase of one ventricle associated with a decreased volume in the opposite ventricle 1.
This conditio...
Article
Pseudoaneurysm of the mitral aortic intervalvular fibrosa
Pseudoaneurysm of the mitral aortic intervalvular fibrosa (p-MAIVF) refers to a pseudoaneurysm in the region of the avascular fibrous tissue between the mitral and aortic valves (i.e. the mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa (MAIVF)).
Pathology
Etiology
They may rarely occur as a result of inf...
Article
Dilated mammary veins (differential)
Dilated mammary veins can result from many pathologies. These include:
as a secondary but non specific sign of breast malignancy 1
ipsilateral subclavian venous obstruction
SVC obstruction 2
Mondor disease: can be dilated as well as being thrombosed
Article
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a distinct subgroup of pulmonary hypertension that most frequently develops following massive or repeated pulmonary embolism.
Terminology
The term CTEPH should be used for patients with chronic thromboembolic disease and pulmonary hypert...
Article
Ulcerative colitis
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that not only predominantly affects the colon, but also has extra-intestinal manifestations.
Epidemiology
Typically ulcerative colitis manifests in young adults (15-40 years of age) and is more prevalent in males but the onset of d...
Article
High-grade astrocytoma with piloid features
High-grade astrocytoma with piloid features (HGAP) is a rare tumor most commonly encountered in the posterior fossa of adults, especially those with neurofibromatosis type 1. It appears heterogeneous and has a relatively poor prognosis.
Epidemiology
Due to the small number of patients reporte...
Article
Acetabular angle
The acetabular angle, also known as Sharp angle 6, is a radiographic measurement most commonly used to evaluate potential developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in children and acetabular dysplasia in adults.
Usage
The acetabular angle is used in patients who have started to ossify the epiph...
Article
Pancreas transplant
A pancreas transplant is a major surgical procedure in which a donor pancreas is transplanted into a recipient. The donor pancreas is typically cadaveric, but may rarely be a segment from a living donor 1. The transplant is meant to establish normoglycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus, typ...
Article
Knee capsule
The knee capsule is a dual-layered structure that surrounds the knee joint. It is relatively thin anteriorly and posteriorly and thickened laterally by the collateral ligaments.
Gross anatomy
The outer layer of the knee capsule consists of fibrous connective tissue to hold the joint in place,...
Article
Normal lower limb imaging examples
This page lists examples of normal imaging of the lower limb, divided by region and modality.
Pelvic girdle
plain radiograph
pelvis
example 1: frontal
example 2: pediatric
example 3: pediatric (9 months, 11 months, and older child)
example 4: trauma supine
example 5: frontal (female)
ex...
Article
Subtalar joint
The subtalar joint may refer to one or two articulations:
the anatomical subtalar joint: posterior talocalcaneal articulation
the clinical subtalar joint: posterior talocalcaneal articulation and talonavicular joints
Please see the main articles for further descriptions of the separate joints...
Article
Myelomeningocele
Myelomeningocele, also known as spina bifida cystica, is a complex congenital spinal anomaly that results in spinal cord malformation (myelodysplasia).
Epidemiology
It is one of the most common congenital CNS anomalies and is thought to occur in approximately 1:500 of live births 5. There may...
Article
Acetabular dysplasia
Acetabular dysplasia is referred to as a shallow acetabulum, not being able to provide sufficient coverage for the femoral head and thus leading to instability of the hip joint.
Terminology
Acetabular dysplasia is a form of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) often referred to in the adol...
Article
Hoffa fat pad ganglion cyst
Hoffa fat pad ganglion cysts are intra-articular ganglion cysts and are the most common mass-like lesions within the Hoffa fat pad.
Epidemiology
Hoffa fat pad ganglion cysts are rare and less common than cruciate ligament ganglion cysts 1,2.
Clinical presentation
Ganglia within Hoffa’s fat p...
Article
Flashlight sign (B-flow)
The flashlight sign is a B-flow vascular ultrasound sign caused by wall adherent and floating thrombi and emboli in arteries, which appear as bright spots on imaging.
Radiographic features
Ultrasound
The flashlight sign is described as a moving, very bright intraluminal focus of signal on B-f...
Article
Arterial vasocorona
The arterial vasocorona is part of the spinal cord blood supply and is formed by pial anastomoses between the anterior and posterior spinal arteries on the surface of the spinal cord. It encircles the cord and supplies the peripheral lateral aspect of the spinal cord.
Engorgement of arterial v...
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